1 General
In 2015,the average precipitation in China was 660.8 mm in depth,equivalent to 6,256.94 billion m3 in quantity,which is 2.8% more than normal.The quantity of surface water resources was 2,690.08 billion m3;the quantity of groundwater resources was 779.70 billion m3;the total unrepeated quantity of surface and ground water resources was 106.18 billion m3;and the total quantity of water resources was 2,796.26 billion m3,0.9% more than normal.
The total water storage of 624 large-sized reservoirs and 3,378 medium-sized ones in the country increased by 5.60 billion m3 in 2015.The year-end storage of shallow groundwater was 6.63 billion m3 less than the yearbeginning value in the groundwater exploitation areas of the northern plains.
In 2015,the national water supply/use in China was 610.32 billion m3.Surface water supply was 496.95 billion m3,accounting for 81.4% of the total water supply;groundwater supply was 106.92 billion m3,17.5%;and other water source supply was 6.45 billion m3,1.1%.Domestic water use was 79.35 billion m3,accounting for 13.0% of the total water use;industrial water use was 133.48 billion m3,21.9%;agricultural water use was 385.22 billion m3,63.1%;and ecological and environmental water supplement was 12.27 billion m3,2.0%.The national water consumption was 321.70 billion m3 with a consumption rate of 52.7%.The national waste water discharge was 77.0 billion tons.
In 2015,the per capita water use in the country was 445 m3 and the water use per 10,000 yuan of GDP(at current price)90 m3.The irrigation water use per mu [1] of farmland was 394 m3;the irrigation water efficiency coefficient was 0.536;the water use per 10,000 yuan of added industrial output value(at current price)58.3 m3;and the per capita domestic water use in urban areas 217 L/d(including public water use)and that in rural areas 82 L/d.In terms of comparable price,the water uses per 10,000 yuan of GDP and added industrial output value decreased by 30% and 37% on the 2010 basis and 6% and 7% on the 2014 basis,respectively.
Water quality evaluation was made for 235,000 km of river reaches in 2015,indicating that 74.2% of the total evaluated river reaches had a water quality of Classes I-III,which was 2.0 percentage points higher than that in 2014.In addition,water quality was evaluated for 116 lakes,25.0% of which had a water quality of Classes I-III,and 78.3% of which were in a eutrophic state.Water quality was also evaluated for 736 reservoirs,and 81.0% of the reservoirs had a water quality of Classes I-III,and 36.5% of them were in a eutrophic state.Water quality evaluation was also made for 3,048 national important water function zones of rivers and lakes and 2,158,or 70.8% of them complied with the main control parameters of the pollution load red line for water function zones.Water quality was evaluated for 530 provincial-border monitoring sections,66.0% of which had a water quality of Classes I-III.
[1]1 mu=1/15 hm2.