- 农村老年人社区居家养老服务需求研究:基于武陵山区恩施市的调查
- 姚虹
- 7070字
- 2025-02-20 04:13:04
第四节 主要创新点
第一,研究视角创新。本书从区域差异及群体差异的视角切入,对我国农村老年人社区居家养老服务的需求展开理论、实证研究。首先,从区域差异的角度展开研究。我国幅员辽阔,即便在同一地区,区域差异也会较大。尤其在山区,受地形影响,农村的区域差异更为明显。例如,与中心城市不同距离的农村,受中心城市辐射的影响有很大不同,从而导致经济发展水平、基础设施建设、人口老龄化态势、乡土文化保留等方面均存在较大区别。这些差异不仅影响农村老年人社区居家养老服务需求,还会影响社区居家养老服务的开展。在存在区域差异的客观条件下,农村社区居家养老服务的开展必须因地制宜,分步分类进行。其次,从群体差异的视角展开研究。在我国农村,有两大类老年群体需要关注:一是“空巢”老年人,二是女性老年人。农村劳动力的外流导致“空巢”老年人数量增加,传统的家庭养老因子女的远离而日渐式微,更需要社区居家养老服务来弥补家庭养老功能的外溢。此外,农村女性老年人长期受性别和城乡差异双重影响,其养老面临更多的不确定性,社区居家养老服务的提供也需要对其有所侧重。
第二,研究方法创新。首先,本书实证分析所用数据均基于实地调研。第一手数据更精准地反映了农村老年人的生活状况以及社区居家养老服务的需求情况。其次,本书将比较分析贯穿其中。在比较农村老年人社区居家养老服务需求的区域差异时,根据农村距离中心城市的远近,分为近郊农村和远郊农村。不仅就近郊、远郊农村老年人的家庭养老资源以及社区居家养老服务需求进行对比分析,还就家庭养老资源对农村老年人社区居家养老服务需求的影响程度进行对比分析,以此为农村不同区域因地制宜开展社区居家养老服务提供实证依据。在比较农村老年人社区居家养老服务需求的群体差异时,针对农村“空巢”老年人与非“空巢”老年人,在对比各自的生活状况以及社区居家养老服务需求基础上,分析了“空巢”原因、健康状况对农村老年人社区居家养老服务需求的影响。针对农村女性老年人与男性老年人,在对比各自的生活状况以及社区居家养老服务需求的基础上,分析了经济状况影响农村老年人社区居家养老服务需求的性别差异。通过比较分析,为农村社区居家养老服务如何对农村“空巢”老年人、农村女性老年人等群体有所侧重提供了依据与思路。
第三,对策建议。针对当前我国农村社会养老服务水平总体较低,社区居家养老服务需求具有明显的区域、群体差异等问题,按照可持续、求同存异的原则,提出分区域、分步骤发展农村社区居家养老服务的总体思路。例如,根据近郊农村和远郊农村的区域差异,建议构建不同的养老服务模式。近郊农村建立社区居家养老服务中心,发挥示范作用。远郊农村则建立互助养老服务中心,发挥过渡作用。同时,为有效供给适应农村老年人差异化的社区居家养老服务,建议根据老年人需求程度进行服务供给,引导社会资源介入多样化养老服务提供,以及通过信息化架设老年人与养老服务机构之间的桥梁等。
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