四、练习答案

Text I

Text Comprehension

I. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing.

B.

II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.

1．F. Refer to Paragraph 1. Nobody made a photographic record of the immediate effect of the atomic bombing on Hiroshima.

2．F. Refer to Paragraph 1. The author is shocked because the girl reminds him of the ordinary life that would have been going where fields of rubble are if there had not been the atomic bombing.

3．F. Refer to Paragraph 2. The “nuclear danger that still hangs over us” means the danger caused by the possible use of atomic bombs in the future rather than the dangerous consequences of the world’s second atomic bombing.

4．T. Refer to what is in the brackets in Paragraph 2.

5．T. Refer to Paragraph 3.

III. Answer the following questions.

1．Because it reminds the viewer of the city that was leveled to the ground by the atomic bomb and of the normal life that would have been going on there.

2．Because it was the first time that Americans had ever seen the pictures since the atomic bombing fifty years ago.

3．The bombing of Nagasaki is regarded as the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril in two respects. First, it is the evidence that nuclear weapons can be used again to destroy the human civilization. Second, the fact that Nagasaki had not been the originally chosen target of the nuclear attack shows the unpredictability of the possible nuclear attacks in future. That is, every city in the world is liable to nuclear destruction.

4．They were intended to demonstrate the devastating power of nuclear weapons and express an apprehension of the nuclear peril menacing the world.

5．No, they only express part of it, because the writer intends not only to express his apprehension of the nuclear threat but, more importantly, call on the people to take actions to banish forever nuclear weaponry from the Earth for a safer world.

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.

1．The responsibility was therefore placed on Yamahata’s shoulders to record the effects systematically and incidentally with a great and simple artistry.

2．That vanished city rather than its remains represents the true measure of the event.

3．In the photographs Nagasaki regains its own status.

4 The human imagination had been exhausted and stopped at the wreckage of the first ruined city and failed to reach even the outskirts of Nagasaki.

5 Apart from the pictures of Nagasaki we seem to need some other picture to inspire in us a hope of life to counterbalance the sense of doom suggested by the ruined Nagasaki.

Structural analysis of the text

What makes clear the author’s opinion about the meaning of Yamahata’s pictures is the sentence that appears at the end of the first paragraph: The true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared.

And what makes clear the author’s opinion on what should be done about the existing nuclear peril is the sentence that appears in the middle of the last paragraph: Performing that act is the greatest of the responsibilities of the generations now alive.

Rhetorical features of the text

Apart from the two sentences that have been already mentioned, we can find the following sentences with the “A but B” structure in the text:

The true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared. （Paragraph 1）

… the challenge is not just to apprehend the nuclear peril but to seize a God-given opportunity to dispel it once and for all … （Paragraph 3）

… one showing not what we would lose through our failure but what we would gain by our success. （Paragraph 3）

Apart from the “A but B” sentence structure, we can also find the “A yet B” type:

Nagasaki has always been in the shadow of Hiroshima … Yet the bombing of Nagasaki is in certain respects the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger that still hangs over us. （Paragraph 2）

Yamahata’s pictures afford a glimpse of the end of the world. Yet in our day … （Paragraph3）

And we can find a sentence that organizes information in a similar way without the use of the conjunction but or yet:

Arriving a half-century late, they are still news. （Paragraph 2）

By admitting something is correct first and then saying something else is even more correct, or admitting something is urgent first and then saying something else is more urgent with the help of the above-mentioned sentence structures, the author succeeds in making his sentences well balanced and his argumentation forceful and convincing.

Vocabulary

I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1．had not been recorded by the camera

2．smiling in a strange and unnatural way

3．their meaning is applicable to any other places around the world

4．had stopped working

5．threatens

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

1．will come into his own

2．is branded with

3．for good

4．lay in

5．In certain respect

6．came into existence

7．outskirts

8．once and for all

III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1．existence

2．surviving

3．unearthly

4．wreckage

5．exhaustive

6．apprehensive

7．continuation

8．Accuracy

IV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in the sentence without changing its original meaning.

1．C

2．A

3．B

4．A

5．D

6．B

7．C

8．A

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1．save （relieve, refrain）

2．danger （risk, jeopardy）

3．incomplete （injured, impaired）

4．supernatural （mysterious, weird）

5．omnipresent （ubiquitous）

6．slip （stagger, flounder）

7．individual （personal）

8．particular （odd, queer）

VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.

1．security

2．calculated

3．effective

4．increased, higher

5．not often found

6．perspective

Grammar

I. Note the use of the present tense in the following paragraph.

The present tense in reference to past events, found in photograph description, is called the historical present.

The historical present describes the past as if it were happening now. It conveys something of the dramatic immediacy of an eye-witness account. It is characteristic of the popular narrative style. It may also be found in photographic captions and in historical summaries.

II. Complete the sentences by using the correct forms of the verbs given.

1．hear

2．are

3．have / will have

4．tells

5．is

6．gather

7．earns

8．says

9．speaks

10．is writing, opens, enters

III. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs given.

take / is taking / will take, will have, will be, is taking / is going to take, is,

will / shall take, is, will / shall spend / spend, will / may amuse, will / may / should give

IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.

does, open, opens, does not open, does, cost, is made, are sold,

do, begin, start, is starting / is going to start, wish

V. Complete the following sentences, using idiomatic expressions with comparative forms.

1．had better

2．More, less

3．fainter and fainter

4．none the worse

5．no better, no worse

6．so much the better

7．The sooner the better

8．no bigger

VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.

1．It took her a year to find this English novel but it took her only three days to finish reading it.

2．I’ll come only if you promise me that you won’t invite Henry.

Gases like hydrogen or coal-gas or petrol vapor are perfectly safe only if they are not mixed with air.

Translation

I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1．从眼前消失的情景，比起那残留的废墟，更能体现问题的实质。真正能够衡量这个事件的并不是所留下的一切，而是所有那些消失了的东西。

2．长崎一直以来都被掩盖在广岛的影子下，好像人们的想象力在第一个被毁灭的城市就已经消耗殆尽了，连第二个城市的边缘都没有触及。

3．因此，每一张照片并不只是反映半个世纪以前所发生的事件，而更像是在摄影中心的墙壁上开出的一个窗口，展现着不久也将可能发生在纽约的类似情景。

4．时代的礼物，如果我们懂得如何接受，将是对我们生命的永远的馈赠。

II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.

1．Their cattle were branded with the letter C.

2．In this season Brooks has really come into his own as a goal scorer.

3．An economic crisis is hanging over that country.

4．He is the man who really gives the order, but he always remains in the background.

5．After dispatching the messenger, what is left for us to do is nothing but to wait.

6．You just have to call and he’s here in a flash.

7．They have lived in the shadow of war for totally seventeen years.

8．These are the last seven Northeast Tigers in existence. If human beings failed to protect them, the tigers of this species would face extinction.

III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

世贸中心倒塌前102分钟里的声音记录面世了。起初是呼救、问讯和求教，很快就变成了表达绝望、愤怒和爱的声音。如今，被困在世贸中心双子座上的男男女女发出的这些声音成了永久的记忆。

由《纽约时报》记者收集到的这些遗言让人们以一种看不见的形式再次感受这场空难：北楼最上面的19层和南楼最上面的33层遭受的损失最为惨重，在据说已经死亡的2823人中，至少有1946人或者说69%的人，是在这些楼层上。

救援人员没能靠近他们。摄影师没能拍下他们的脸。然而，正如在遥远的天边陷入险境的们在黑匣子里留下的信息一样，他们的遗言不仅让人们看到了不寒而栗的空难情景，还让人们了解到在这样一个残酷的时刻，仍然存在着勇敢、宽容和大度。

Exercises for integrated skills

I. Dictation

Nagasaki had never been subjected to large-scale bombing/prior to the explosion of the atomic bomb there.（On August 1st,1945, however, / a number of highly explosive bombs were dropped on the city. / A few of these bombs hit the shipyards and dock areas/ in the southwest portion of the city. / Several of the bombs hit the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works/ and six bombs landed at the Nagasaki Medical School and Hospital,/ with three direct hits on buildings there. / While the damage from these few bombs was relatively small, / it created considerable concern in Nagasaki / and a number of people, /principally schoolchildren, / were evacuated to rural areas for safety, / thus reducing the population in the city/ at the time of the atomic attack.

II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.

Text II

Questions for discussion

1．It is uncertain and unpredictable because military confrontation caused by disputes over territory, resources, religion and interest continues and non-traditional security threats characterized by terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction have become more salient.

2．The speaker proposes nine measures for nuclear disarmament. Refer to Paragraphs 9-17.

3．In Paragraphs 22-25, the speaker talks about the concrete and practical measures taken by China in recent years to build up confidence between China and its neighboring countries.

4．Omitted.

5．Omitted.

6．The multilateral approach is necessary because more than one country possesses nuclear weapons and these weapons cannot be reduced and destroyed without willing cooperation between the nuclear states, especially the nuclear powers like the United States.